Certified Respiratory Therapist Practice Exam

A chronic cough with sputum production is indicative of which condition?

1. Asthma

2. Chronic bronchitis

3. Interstitial lung disease

4. Pneumonia

The correct answer is: Chronic bronchitis

A chronic cough with sputum production is strongly indicative of chronic bronchitis. This condition is characterized by persistent inflammation of the bronchi, leading to increased mucus secretion. Patients with chronic bronchitis often cough up sputum, particularly in the morning, and the cough has a duration of more than three months over a span of two consecutive years, as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). In chronic bronchitis, the excess mucus can obstruct airways, contributing to difficulties in breathing, wheezing, and susceptibility to respiratory infections. This condition is typically seen in individuals with a long history of smoking or exposure to irritants, which is a foundational point in its epidemiology. The other conditions mentioned do not typically present with a chronic cough accompanied by sputum production in the same way. While asthma can involve coughing and sputum during exacerbations, it is more characterized by wheezing and shortness of breath rather than a chronic productive cough. Interstitial lung disease presents with a dry cough and respiratory difficulty without significant sputum. Pneumonia may cause a productive cough, but it is usually an acute condition rather than chronic and often presents with additional systemic symptoms such as fever and chest pain.